News/Publications/Articles

A Fresh Look at LNG Process Efficiency 
(2007 -- Reprinted from LNG Industry, Spring Issue) by Weldon Ransbarger. This paper examines the impact of process and equipment selection on LNG plant efficiency.

The Darwin LNG Plant – Pioneering Aeroderivative Turbines for LNG Refrigeration Service
(January 2007) by Jim Rockwell. Presentation to GE Oil and Gas Conference, Florence, Italy.

Benefits of Integrating NGL Extraction and LNG Liquefaction Technology 
(AlChE -- 2005), by Doug Elliot, Wesley Qualls, Shawn Huang, Jong Juh (Roger) Chen, R.J. Lee, Jame Yao and Ying (Irene) Zhang. This paper discusses the growing interest in the integration of NGL recovery technology with LNG liquefaction technologies.

All Electric Motor Drives for LNG Plants 
(Gastech 2005), by Bobby Martinez, Cyrus Meher-Homji, John Paschal, Anthony Eaton. This paper addresses increasing interest for using electric motors to drive LNG plant compressors as opposed to the more traditional practice of using gas turbine drivers.

Egyptian LNG -- The Value of Standardization 
(Gastech 2005), by Phil Redding, Rick Hernandez, Wesley Qualls and Amos Avidan. This paper attempts to answer the question, "Is it possible for smaller trains to compete in today's LNG's business?" by drawing on the experience of the Egyptian LNG project which has tried to standardize the design of Atlantic LNG trains 1-3

Atlantic LNG Train 4 “The World’s Largest LNG Train” 
(LNG14 – 2004), by Tony S. Diocee, Phil Hunter, Anthony Eaton, Amos Avidan 
This paper presents the design premise for the fourth train at Atlantic LNG and discusses how the basic “Two-Trains-in-One” concept was maintained while taking the capacity to the higher production level.

The Darwin LNG Project
(LNG14 – 2004), by Doug Yates, P.E., Chip Schuppert 
This paper discusses the history of the Darwin LNG project, including commercial development and design innovations.

Liquid Expanders in the Phillips Optimized Cascade LNG Process 
(LNG14-2004), by Wesley R. Qualls, Anthony P. Eaton, Cyrus B. Meher-Homji 
This paper discusses available liquid expander technology and its application within the Phillips Optimized Cascade LNG Process.

Lowering LNG Unit Costs through Large and Efficient LNG Liquefaction Trains - What is the Optimal Train Size?
(AIChE – 2004) by Anthony Eaton, Rick Hernandez, Allyn Risley, Phil Hunter, Amos Avidan, and John Duty 
Bechtel and ConocoPhillips have engaged in a detailed study of larger LNG trains and concluded that LNG trains as large as 8 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) are feasible and could be cost effective

A Focus on Balance 
(AIChE - 2003) Paper Version, by Wesley Qualls, Phil Hunter 
This paper looks at variables such as production efficiency and availability, along with other factors and considers a novel approach to extend plant design into the future.

A Focus on Balance 
(AIChE - 2003) Presentation Version 
A novel approach to taking the Phillips Optimized Cascade LNG Process into the future.

Natural gas liquefaction process designers look for larger, more efficient liquefaction plants
(OGJ 2003), by Amos Avidan, Wayne Varnell, Bobby Martinez 
Design parameters considered that would allow LNG trains of up to 8 mtpa to be built.

Trinidad LNG - The Second Wave
(Gastech 2002), by P. Hunter, D. Andress 
In 2002, ALNG commenced operation of their second LNG train. This paper gives details of the facility expansion including incorporation of lessons learned.

Thermal Efficiency - Design, Lifecycle, and Environmental Considerations in LNG Plant Design 
(Gastech 2002), by Doug Yates, P.E. 
This paper discusses how design issues impacting the thermal efficiency are addressed considering tradeoffs between cost and environmental impact.

LNG plant scale-up could cut costs further 
(Fundamentals of the Global LNG Industry – 2001) by A. Avidan, F. Richardson, K. Anderson, B. Woodward 
This article discusses scale-up of the Phillips’ Optimized Cascade LNG Process and the associated reduction in unit-cost of LNG

Passing the Baton Cleanly 
Gastech 2000), by F.W. Richardson, P. Hunter, T. Diocee, J. Fisher 
This paper discusses the activities that occurred during commissioning and startup of the ALNG plant that allowed handover to occur ahead of schedule.

Trinidad sets world standards 
(Energy Day – 1999) 
The Atlantic LNG project establishes notable world records.

Targeting and Achieving Lower Cost Liquefaction Plants
(LNG 12 – 1998), by David Jamieson, Paul Johnson, Phil Redding 
The Trinidad LNG project developed by the Atlantic LNG Company of Trinidad and Tobago is the first to demonstrate that significant cost reductions can be achieved.

The Trinidad LNG Project - Back to the Future 
(LNG Journal – 1998), by Phil Redding, Frank Richardson 
Use of traditional technologies result in an economic project of manageable size.

The Phillips Optimized Cascade LNG Process, A Quarter Century of Improvements 
(1996), by D.L. Andress 
Enhancements to the Phillips Optimized Cascade LNG Process, since its introduction at Kenai, Alaska, are presented.